Bar chart python. SyntaxError: Unexpected token < in JSON at position 4.

They are great for displaying categorical data and comparing values between different groups. Follow edited Aug 25, 2023 at 13:24. Entries in each row but different columns will constitute a group in the resulting plot. bar () function, which takes in the x-values and y-values as arguments. import seaborn as sns. plot(kind='bar') O/P. Sep 26, 2019 · I need to put specific colors that I can manually set each of the bars. random. tolist() platform = df["platform"]. A bar chart is drawn between a set of categories and the frequencies of a variable for those categories. Jan 6, 2019 · Python is a great language for doing data analysis, primarily because of the fantastic ecosystem of data-centric python packages. argsort()] # Draw the bar chart. bar() will be sent all the extra keyword arguments that you specify at the end of the argument list for Series. Pull out the custom formatting into a dictionary, it makes life simple when you want to change a parameter - and you can pass this dictionary to multiple plots. Now let's create a new Python script called errorbars. Then the context is unstacked from the index, creating new columns for every context, value pair. We can show that on a bar graph like this: It is a really good way to show relative sizes: we can see which types of movie are most liked, and which are least liked, at a glance. plot. Input: Word Percentage1 Percentage2 Percentage3 Percentage4. from matplotlib import pyplot as plt # Very simple one-liner using our agg_tips DataFrame. The following approach allows grouped and stacked bars at the same time. The data visualized by the span of the bars is set in `y` if `orientation` is set to "v" (the default) and the labels are set in `x`. bar() class methods instead. SyntaxError: Unexpected token < in JSON at position 4. In this case you can pivot like. matplotlib chart - creating horizontal bar chart. plot(kind='bar', stacked=True) # Just add a title and rotate the x Here is a solution doing exactly what you mention: overlay a bar graph with a scatter plot. 105845 29. It can plot various graphs and charts like histogram, barplot, boxplot, spreadplot, and many more. Create publication quality plots. In this case, you need to get the index and the values from the pd. value_counts. set_facecolor (color) Result for Attempt 1-> What gives the error: 'AxesSubplot' object is not subscriptable. 13. Jan 7, 2018 · To confirm our (errorbars) virtual environment has matplotlib and numpy installed, run the command: conda list. Jul 16, 2021 · To create our bar chart, the two essential packages are Pandas and Matplotlib. This will plot, and annotate correctly, even when all categories ( 'People' ), don't have all segments (e. How can I plot an average line for a scatter plot? 0. To plot two plots on the same axes, ax= should be the same. In this example, differently we will: Create a horizontal bar chart animation using Python. , N = len(da Dec 17, 2020 · More often than not, it’s more interesting to compare values across two dimensions and for that, a grouped bar chart is needed. 014272 7. It is mainly used in data analysis as well as financial analysis. 2. However first convert your dataframe into a list using: count = df["count"]. I already tried to use: #Attempt 1. Jan 27, 2020 · 13. 5. agg_tips. 0. patch. You can also visualize the same graph horizontally using the barh() function with the same values as You’ll now get a styled bar chart, where each country is represented by a different color. Calling fig. Aug 24, 2022 · Pygal is a Python module that is mainly used to build SVG (Scalar Vector Graphics) graphs and charts. To plot a Bar Plot horizontally, instead of vertically, we can simply switch the places of the x and y variables. See also the grouped bar , stacked bar and horizontal bar chart examples. 2, and seaborn 0. 1; With pandas. containers[0]: How to show the percentage values on a bar chart using artist layer of python matplotlib. In this round, we will create a slightly more complex data and an animated horizontal bar chart based on that data. randint(1,5)} for i in range(10)] df = pandas. bar(payout_df. Here is the complete code that you python; pandas; matplotlib; bar-chart; Share. Step 2: Create a standard bar chart — graph | Image by author. Stacked Bar Chart This graph is similar to the bar chart but the only di Plotly Python Open Source Graphing Library Basic Charts. For a horizontal bar char, use the px. Then, we also import ‘matplotlib. import numpy as np. To avoid overlapping of bars in each group, the bars are shifted 0. height: specifies y-coordinates of the bar. Pygal can create graphs with minimal lines of code that can be easy to understand and write. Pandas DataFrame. 5 # the bar centers on the y axis. That means a few main things: Make the base plot itself high quality and visually appealing Oct 29, 2020 · Plotly is a Python library which is used to design graphs, especially interactive graphs. My goal is to to create a bar graph where the Events1 And Events2 appear along in order to be easier to compare the "Name" (two bars for each Name). plot By default, this function treats one of the variables as categorical and draws data at ordinal positions (0, 1, …. Plotly Graph Objects doesn’t generate these by default, so they have to be explicitly defined. 35, 0. These bar graphs can be colorized, resized, and can be customized heavily. Make interactive figures that can zoom, pan, update. Jul 5, 2021 · Step 2: Create a standard bar chart — code | Image by author. In today’s article, we will learn more about how to create a bar chart in python using the matplotlib bar function. pyplot as plt. For plotting the simple Bar chart on an excel sheet, use add_chart () method with type ‘bar’ keyword argument of a workbook object. bar(x=None, y=None, **kwds) See more examples of bar charts (including vertical bar charts) and styling options here. i. Plotly's Python graphing library makes interactive, publication-quality graphs online. Customize visual style and layout. x = [1, 2] # x-coordinates of your bars. Aug 24, 2020 · Matplotlib Bar is a method in Python which allows you to plot traditional bar graphs. Dataset for plotting. from matplotlib import pyplot as plt. pyplot as plt import numpy as np # set up the figure and Axes fig = plt. Apr 18, 2018 · 7. py. try this, df. Plot 2D data on 3D plot; Demo of 3D bar charts; Create 2D bar graphs in different planes; 3D box surface plot; Plot I'm making a bar chart in Matplotlib with a call like this: xs. print pos. Plot a bar graph later, additionally replace the X-axis tick labels with the category name to which that particular tick belongs. Of course, there are other named parameters, but for simplicity, only alpha parameter is Learn how to use the bar() and barh() functions in matplotlib. 1k 40 40 gold badges 160 160 silver badges 178 178 bronze Jul 8, 2021 · Bar chart using Plotly in Python. Pandas is a powerful data manipulation Here is the output. We can specify the categories or positions for the bars along with their corresponding heights. g. Add annotations with . plotly is an interactive visualization library. Plotly is an interactive visualization library. bar function to create a bar chart with various parameters and options. cm. To make a bar diagram with matplotlib, use the matplotlib. Just setting index act as X and rest of all the columns act as y. My code below generates two graphs wrongly. groupby('ocean_proximity')['median_house_value']. This will make the categorical variable be plotted on the Y-axis, resulting in a horizontal plot: import matplotlib. Feb 8, 2024 · Fig 04 – Python Code for a Bar Chart. It also lets you change the figure size. 1. 4 0. bar() Note the bar heights are the same as the previous plot; 200 rows of housing. Correspondingly the values can be the count of the movies that won Oscar, GDP of a country, players Stacked bar chart# This is an example of creating a stacked bar plot using bar. # Make the data. Aug 18, 2021 · Matplotlib plot bar chart. Jan 5, 2016 · I want to get a bar chart like the one in the following screenshot: Here is the code that I am using so far: import matplotlib. Country. Bar charts is one of the type of charts it can be plot. B. graph_objects. cut(s, bins=[0, 0. I am trying to understand the code. Make sure to specify a maker and set linestyle to "" (or "none") otherwise the markers will be connected by straight lines. #Attempt 2. If x and y are absent, this is interpreted as wide-form. producing. Assuming I have a DataFrame that looks like this: Hour V1 V2 A1 A2 0 15 13 25 37 1 26 52 21 45 2 18 45 45 25 3 65 38 98 14 I'm trying to create a bar plot to compare To set transparency for bars in a Bar Plot using Matplotlib PyPlot API, call matplotlib. offset_copy; Zorder Demo; 3D plotting. Sometimes, you might not want to use the df. The general idea for creating stacked bar charts in Matplotlib is that you'll plot one set of bars (the bottom), and then plot another set of bars on top, offset by the height of the previous bars, so the bottom of the second set starts at the top of the first set. 4. np. The alpha controls the transparency of the bar. Hence you need to "reshape" your dataframe to have the "group" as columns. plot(kind='bar') The problem is the scaling. values, D. Demo of 3D bar charts; Create 2D bar graphs in different planes; 3D box surface plot; Plot contour (level) curves in 3D; Plot contour (level) curves in 3D using the extend3d option; Project contour profiles onto a graph; Filled contours; Project filled contour onto a graph; Custom hillshading in a 3D surface plot; 3D errorbars; Create 3D Jun 7, 2023 · Matplotlib is a popular plotting library in Python that provides a wide range of functions and customization options for creating various types of plots, including bar charts. The basic syntax of the bar chart is shown below. Plotting a Bar Graph in python with Matplotlib. We'll first show how easy it is to create a stacked bar chart in pandas, as long as the data is in the right format (see how we created agg_tips above). Note: Before beginning the exercise, you will need to open a jupyter notebook file within an environment with python, pandas, matplotlib, seaborn, and Jul 8, 2016 · 20. Matplotlib: Visualization with Python. pyplot to draw vertical and horizontal bar graphs. I am learning Python. # Fixing random state for reproducibility np. A 0. plot() will actually call matplotlib. account_proportions = account_proportions. add_subplot(122, projection='3d') # fake data _x = np. I have stumbled accross the following snippet, for creating horizontal bar chart using matplotlib: import matplotlib. Download Python source code: bar_stacked. 0 drink 18. This is what gives us a proportional plot instead of just a stacked bar plot. If you are working within a Jupyter Notebook, it will automatically be embedded in the output as a video. bar’. Example 1: (Simple grouped bar plot) Python3. I've done a couple of things here that I suggest when working with complex plots. mean(). DataFrame({. So far, you have seen how to create a bar chart using lists. Gender 0 1. 166654 29. 4. Plotly is a Python library which is used to design graphs, especially interactive graphs. payout, payout_df[col], bottom=cumval, label=col) cumval = cumval+payout_df[col] Mar 13, 2023 · Plot a Bar Plot in Matplotlib. They go from basic examples to the details on how to customize a barplot appropriately. canvas. Plotting a Bar Plot in Matplotlib is as easy as calling the bar() function on the PyPlot instance, and passing in the categorical and numerical variables that we'd like to visualize. from itertools import cycle, islice. To better understand BarCharts, let us see how we can represent Bar Graphs in Matplotlib. from pylab import *. View Tutorial. Mar 7, 2016 · First, what you are looking for is a column or bar diagram, not really a histogram. ylabel ("Values") plt. For single-group bar charts, supply ax. 2 0. bar() with the alpha keyword as shown below. invert_yaxis() plt. pos = arange(5)+. # Create dataframe. Explore and run machine learning code with Kaggle Notebooks | Using data from [Private Datasource] Oct 12, 2020 · The bar graph and the code used to make it using Altair is provided below. My main goal is to use my CSV file and produce 2 bar charts one that shows the average temperature of the summer for every year (june-september) and another bar char that will show the average temperature for the yearly winter (december-march). That being said, there is a big difference (at least, in my humble opinion) between a good and bad bar chart. You call plt. I can get this working by using simply: df. fig, ax = plt. when you have two overlapping bars, one with an alpha < 1, you will get a mixture of colours. We import ‘pandas’ as ‘pd’. Creating Bar Charts in Python. # PLOT A SIMPLE BAR CHART. Sep 12, 2020 · Next, we normalise the dataframe row-wise. bar(x, height) # Define x-axis labels. My df is: The Python matplotlib pyplot has a bar function, which helps us to create this chart or plot from the given X values, height, and width. That's up to you to decide. Learn how to use matplotlib. For plotting the Stacked Bar chart on an excel sheet, use add_chart () method with type ‘bar’ and subtype ‘stacked Sep 6, 2015 · I am new to Python programming. Calling it with the defaults returns the animation as an HTML string. merge or pandas. Bar Chart in Plotly Bar chart with plotly expre Oct 31, 2022 · Bar chart using Plotly in Python. We can simply use the plt. figure(figsize=(8, 3)) ax1 = fig. barh(range(len(D)), D. plot() as bar, Series. Categorical data here can be the name of the movies, countries, football players, etc. bar() convenience functions, for example, if you have multiple subplots and you would prefer to plot them by axis using Axis. 3. Matplotlib is a comprehensive library for creating static, animated, and interactive visualizations in Python. This is always what I get: What I'm trying to do is to mimic/reproduce the following: # Simple Bar Plot plt. Draw average line of scatter plot with matplotlib python. py import numpy as np import matplotlib. import matplotlib. I will cover the basic syntax of creating a simple bar chart, customizing the appearance of the chart, and creating grouped bar In order to create a grouped bar plot, the DataFrames must be combined with pandas. bar() function, and pass required alpha value to alpha parameter of bar() function. Alternatively, you can capture the dataset in Python using Pandas DataFrame, and then plot your chart. Of course you can further play around to tweak the plot: plot title, axis labels, colors, width, marker shape of the scatter plot import matplotlib. The SalesAmount column is mapped to the y-axis. Finally, three bar plots are drawn over each other to visualize the stacked bars. matplotlib. It's true even if you use data from different frames. I could not understand the lines 5,6,7 and 8. arange(len(people)) performance = 3 + 10 Packed-bubble chart; Patheffect Demo; Print Stdout; Rasterization for vector graphics; Set and get properties; SVG Filter Line; SVG filter pie; Table Demo; TickedStroke patheffect; transforms. Seaborn is also a visualization library based on matplotlib and is widely used for presenting data. Matplotlib is the most commonly used data visualization tool-rich library in python. This example shows how to use the bar_label helper function to create bar chart labels. 2. gca(). Dec 28, 2022 · Plotly is a Python library which is used to design graphs, especially interactive graphs. keys()) plt. One can replace it with an integer also and use multiple plt. title ('Categories Bar Plot ') plt. The below code helped me plot a bar chart. First the dataframe is sorted by parameter, context. n) on the relevant axis. Aug 11, 2020 · Note the bar heights are a match to the groupby mean; As suggested by Quang Hoang in the comments; df. The X-axis labels (Years) and x-ticks are plotted as required in our visualization. df_grouped. Syntax : DataFrame. add_subplot(121, projection='3d') ax2 = fig. Pandas is one of those packages and makes importing and analyzing data much easier. e. Oct 18, 2017 · I am trying to plot a graph of two variables but without success. Import multiple CSV files into pandas and concatenate into one DataFrame. Let’s create a bar chart using the Years as x-labels and the Total as the heights: plt. The definition of matplotlib. figure() n=100 #Number of frames. set_index('Word'). sum(axis=1), axis=0) account_proportions. Oct 31, 2022 · Creating a Bar Chart — Step By Step Guide. seed(19680801) # Example data people = ('Tom', 'Dick', 'Harry', 'Slim', 'Jim') y_pos = np. import pandas, numpy as np # I find np. B 0. bar ( ) function in matplotlib library. Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery Jun 12, 2017 · Not sure if you want it to be in Percentage % or as count number itself. draw() updates the figure. Plotting this will result in a grouped bar chart. I've tried just plain geom_bar() and also geom_bar(stat="percent observed"), but neither seem to work. show () In the above barplot we can visualize the array we just created using random() function. Sound confusing? It's really not, so let's get into it. The plot member of a DataFrame instance can be used to invoke the bar () and barh () methods to plot vertical and horizontal bar charts. Simple Stacked Bar Chart. imshow(grad, extent=[x, x+w, h, y_min], aspect="auto", zorder=0, cmap=c_map) ax Bar charts can be made with matplotlib. bar (x,y) plt. 159. keyboard_arrow_up. This is shown in the code below. A histogram is made from a frequency distribution of a continuous variable that is separated into bins. Mar 17, 2020 · Luckily, the ‘PyPlot’ module from ‘MatPlotLib’ has a readily available bar plot function. For our bar chart, we’d like to plot the number of car Jul 25, 2022 · The other option is to manipulate the one and only bar plot in the axes and adapt it's height for every frame. In this tutorial, we will explore how to create bar charts using Python’s Matplotlib library. Result for Attempt 2-> That doesn't work, all bars are color '# 1b9e77', and not as spread, each bar assuming 1. For additional options combining data: pandas User Guide: Merge, join, concatenate and compare. Mar 24, 2014 · However, whenever I try geom_bar() instead of geom_point(), I end up with just 100% bars. In the above graph, you will notice the graph title and axes titles are missing. c_map = truncate_colormap(plt. 8 # bar width. iloc[key. arange(4) _y = np. bar only once, save the return value rects, and then call rect. Mar 20, 2012 · 18. Pandas is a widely used library for data analysis and is what we’ll rely on for handling our data. DataFrame(x) Jun 6, 2024 · Creating a Bar Plot in Python Using Seaborn. Series() instance and pass them to plt. 4- Example 3: Advanced Python Bar Animation. x = [ 'A', 'B', 'C' ] Mar 5, 2022 · 1. bar() function and we will set bar_x_positions to the x parameter and bar_heights to the height parameter. pyplot’ as ‘plt’. bar() method May 19, 2021 · Code #1 : Plot the simple Bar Chart. The SalesTerritoryCountry column is mapped to the x-axis. plt. tick_label does the same work as xticks(). To create a bar chart using Matplotlib, you can use the plt. out = pd. xticks(D. x = [{i:np. The code shown in Fig 04 configures the bar chart as follows: The reseller_sales DataFrame is the data source of the visualization. Over 35 examples of Bar Charts including changing color, size, log axes, and more in Python. content_copy. The link also shows how to add annotations if using a previous version of matplotlib. barplot(x= ' ', y= ' ' ,data= df) The code to create a bar chart in seaborn: import seaborn as sns. Click Events . Can you point me out to the correct way of doing this?Thanks. 25 units. more like this: Is there a way to achieve this in Matplotlib using the bar() function? Now I'd like to plot a bar-plot with the age on the x-axis as labels. pyplot. bar(integer, height, tick_label). 0, matplotlib 3. Customize the color, width, height and labels of the bars with examples and code. To customize the graph, we can use additional options like colors, labels, and titles. some value is 0 or NaN) Once the data is in the dataframe: It's easier to manipulate and analyze. from matplotlib import animation. bar() method. 25 units from the X-axis in this example. Apart from these, there are a few other optional arguments to define color, titles, line widths, etc. arange(5) _xx, _yy = np. Mar 25, 2017 · You can make use of pd. bar(bar_x_positions, bar_heights) And here is the output: This is fairly simple, but there are a few details that I need to explain. One of the more important pillars of making a bar chart a great bar chart is to make it visually "smart". The example Python code draws a variety of bar charts for various DataFrame instances. Create a Bar Chart in Python with Pandas DataFrame. tolist() Nov 20, 2019 · Bar charts are one of the most commonly used visualizations in data science. bar(range, height, tick_label) where the range provides scalar values for the positioning of the corresponding bar in the graph. Update ticks dynamically as bar order changes in the animation. Using pandas 1. The load_dataset function is available to load sample DataFrames. # errorbars. Oct 9, 2021 · The syntax to plot bar chart and define labels on the x-axis are as follow: # Plot bar chart. import pandas as pd. Refresh. randint to be better. Output: Code #2 : Plot the Stacked Bar Chart. bar() method to create a bar chart and pass in an x= parameter as well as a height= parameter. bar function with Dec 30, 2014 · Lines in a bar chart Matplotlib. Small note: The line plot can be plotted without passing x= because if it's not passed, the index will be used as the ticks (which can be overwritten by month in the second plot() call). bar () function with alpha parameter is. 0, this can be disabled by setting native_scale=True. bar(x=df[ 'Year' ], height=df[ 'Total' ]) plt. Feb 28, 2012 · Here is an example of how you can animate a bar plot. The best way to implement it using matplotlib. A basic demo of how to plot 3D bars with and without shading. subplots(figsize=(20,20)) # The first parameter would be the x value, # by editing the delta between the x-values. # For instance, if one bar only takes 10% of the y-axis, then the color # map will only use the first 10% of the color map. Feb 25, 2021 · Plotting the multiple bars using plt. In this article, different types of bar charts are made using python libraries. Interactive Data Analysis with FigureWidget ipywidgets. Bar Charts. Feb 21, 2023 · Plot a Horizontal Bar Plot in Seaborn. bar(bar_lefts, bar_heights, facecolor='black', edgecolor='black') I get a barchart that looks like this: What I'd like is one with no white gap between consecutive bars, e. use('TKAgg') import matplotlib. Matplotlib makes easy things easy and hard things possible. Simple Bar Plot in python. The easiest way to plot a horizontal or vertical stacked bar, is to load the data into a pandas. Feb 21, 2021 · Creating a simple bar chart in Matplotlib is quite easy. plot(kind='bar', x='day') And now, we use the same ordering technique to order the rows of the pivot table (instead of the rows created by groupby). div(account_proportions. We can import the library as sns and use the following syntax: seaborn. 18. Horizontal Bar Chart with Plotly Express¶ Plotly Express is the easy-to-use, high-level interface to Plotly, which operates on a variety of types of data and produces easy-to-style figures. The examples below should get you started. val = 3+10*rand(5) # the bar lengths. By setting `orientation` to "h", the roles are interchanged. 014272. Pandas Stacked Bar Charts. merge. You can produce a superimposed bar chart using plt. If you examine the docs for the matplotlib. values(),align='center',color="#add8e6") plt. Plot the bars in the grouped manner. 61. As of version 0. Bar trace is a graph object in the figure's data list with any of the named arguments or attributes listed below. 11. The following code may be what you're after. If you don't want to perform chart for all the values columns in df use this. df=pd. We can use bar graphs to show the relative sizes of many things, such as what type of car people have, how many customers a shop has on different days and so on. So, first, we need to type ‘plt. 7, 1], include_lowest=True) Feb 11, 2019 · To do this, we’re going to call the plt. SO: Pandas Merging 101. For example, value 9 has the highest bar because it appears 4 times in the list. show() A single main function, bar_chart_race, exists to create the animations. The prices are so much higher that I can not really identify the amount in that graph, see: Jan 7, 2022 · These are the one of the oldest charts that represents the data visualization through the “bars. xlabels() The parameters defined above are outlined as below: x: specifies x-coordinates of the bar. xlabel ('Categories') plt. For each x-tick there should be two bars, one bar for the amount, and one for the price. It is appropriate to build any kind of chart, including the barchart thanks to its bar() function. A plotly. These are one of the most common charts representing data and are very informative and easy to comprehend. Horizontal barplot. It supports a wide variety of data visualization tools to make 2D plots from the data provided by different sources or of different types like from lists, arrays, dictionaries, DataFrames, JSON files, CSV files, etc. So what’s matplotlib? Matplotlib is a Python module that lets you plot all kinds of charts. bar_label, which is available with matplotlib 3. bar(), and matplotlib. You can specify the color option as a list directly to the plot function. Unexpected token < in JSON at position 4. You can create all kinds of variations that change in color, position, orientation and much more. bar(): Apr 10, 2023 · This answer changes the space between bars and it also rotate the labels on the x-axis. DataFrame. meshgrid(_x, _y) x, y 5. csv df_grouped = df_grouped. SVG is a vector-based graphics in the XML format that can be edited in any editor. pyplot as plt from Processesing import dataProcess def chartmak (dic) : D={} D=dic plt. At the top of the script we need to import numpy and matplotlib. View If the issue persists, it's likely a problem on our side. bar. def barlist(n): return [1/float(n*k) for k in range(1,6)] fig=plt. set_height to modify the bar plot. Bar Chart In a bar chart the data categories ar Jul 21, 2021 · Annotate as shown in How to plot and annotate a grouped bar chart. The label above each bar is the value itself, while the length of the bar is the count for this value. If you just want a stacked bar chart, then one way is to use a loop to plot each column in the dataframe and just keep track of the cumulative sum, which you then pass as the bottom argument of pyplot. The rectangle bars can be horizontal or vertical . Trenton McKinney. See examples of different types of bar plots, such as stacked, grouped, horizontal, polar, and nested. Here you have a column against separate labels. Dec 13, 2017 · Pandas will show grouped bars by columns. jet, min_val=0, max_val=(h - y_min) / (y_max - y_min)) # Let the imshow only use part of the color map ax. 3. The width of the bars of each group is taken as 0. bar() plots the graph vertically in form of rectangular bars. Sep 24, 2013 · What that means is that when you specify the kind argument for Series. N. Oct 6, 2015 · Creating Bar Charts in Python. cut to partition the values into bins corresponding to each interval and then take each interval's total counts using pd. We can create a bar graph in Matplotlib using the bar () function. Approach: Import Library (Matplotlib) Import / create data. seed(123) w = 0. show() Matplotlib is probably the most famous and flexible python library for data visualization. Jun 11, 2020 · A bar plot or bar graph is a plot/graph that represents the value of categorical data with rectangle bars. # you change the space between bars. Dec 14, 2016 · You can simply add a plot command, plotting the y_pos against the lengths. Working with bar charts in python. plot(). jf dm pv fb wv ya ju sy qx kk