Quad on map. If you are using a […] Read full post .

58895 180. Location: Midwest, United States, North America. View nearby restaurants, gas stations, hotels, parking, and other services. 00000 71. Home: View Maps: Find Maps: Find Places: Resources & Links: Start adding radius by clicking right-click anywhere on map or marker. From the High Plains in the east to the mountain ranges of the west, TopoZone gives a complete look at the topography of Wyoming. These are in a zip file and contain cell grids of 1x2 degree, 1x1 The Quad Cities is located at the confluence of the Rock and Mississippi rivers, approximately 140 miles (230 km) west of Chicago, and forms the largest metropolitan area along the Mississippi River between Minneapolis–Saint Paul and the St. New US Topo maps for Kentucky are now available in the USGS Store for free download. 41. Produced at a scale of 1:24,000 (some metric maps are produced at Digital raster graphic (DRG) sheets covering the entire state of Louisiana. The maps are often referred to as quadrangle maps (or quad maps). 5 minutes of latitude. The Quad in Quebec brings together more than 400,000 amateurs who can travel on more than 33 000 km of federated trails in all regions of Quebec. USGS quad maps, scaled at 1:24,000, are still considered the industry standard. This collection is of topographic quadrangle maps with scales between 1:10,000 and 1:250,000. Average elevation: 16 ft. Take a look at this map for a bird’s eye view of everything there is to offer at the Quad Cities International Airport. They show the elevation—the steepness or flatness of the land. A quadrangle is defined by north and south Jun 24, 2021 · Directions. This level of precision enables adventurers Oklahoma Topographical Map. From the Rocky Mountains in the west to the rolling plains in the east, the state’s unique topography is evident with free and detailed topographic maps. Explore the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) map of the United States with this interactive viewer. 2nd St. ca topoBuilder is a public web application released by the National Geospatial Program that enables users to request customized USGS-style topographic maps, known as an OnDemand Topo, that utilize the best available data from The National Map. The 60,000' x 40,000' grid tiles are landscape oriented, fit on a standard Arch-D sized sheet, and have contours based on a LiDAR-derived DEM. 5 minute (1:24,000 scale) quad map. 30 x 60 Minute Topographic Maps. Access the trails conditions as per the last data connection available. Built from VELCRO® Brand ONE-WRAP® fasteners, our MAP are precision . Last Modified: June 24, 2021. Latitude. Open the USGS_Quad_Overlay. For example, individual houses may be shown as small black squares. Our multiple downtowns and main streets offer their own unique and diverse experiences that will make you want to visit us again. Download or purchase options available. Therefore, each map sheet covers a larger area than a US Topo quadrangle. These historic documents are downloadable free of charge through several interfaces. If you are looking at a digital map, you can usually click (or right-click) on a point to get the elevation based on the contour lines. gov. The maps are usually named after local physiographic features. The FSTopo is the same large-scale map as the USGS quadrangle map TopoZone supplies detailed and free topographic maps of Hawaii and all of the main Hawaiian Islands, with topos of mountains, active volcanoes and waterways. With USGS quad maps, we provide online, printable topos of the mountainous state, including high Gannett Peak in the west, plus massive Devils Tower National Monument, soaring high above the onX Offroad is the most trusted ATV and UTV map app. If the scale ratio had a number like 1:65,000, though, that would mean that each inch on the map covered 65,000 inches of terrain. How to Use GPS Topographic Map Symbols. Maps are usually delivered within 24 hours, but might take up to 5 business days. Ann Arbor, MI 48109: Website: https://www. Map location pins dropped or searched for by address/place provide products within a 15 mile radius of specified location. 6 miles, on the ground. By. Topographic maps use a combination of colors, shading and contour lines to represent changes in elevation and terrain shape. topographic map, cartographic representation of the Earth’s surface at a level of detail or scale intermediate between that of a plan (small area) and a chorographic (large regional) map. These files were created using high-resolution scans and average 10-17 megabytes in size. Within the limits of scale, it shows as accurately as possible the location and shape of both natural and man-made features. 5-minute quadrangle maps of the period 1947-1992 At The Quad on Delaware, home of student apartments in Minneapolis, MN, we have everything you need, all the extras you want, and then some! Our community amenities and apartment features elevate student living, with anytime-access to premier entertainment activities — including a fitness center with a yoga studio and state-of-the-art A " quadrangle " is a topographic map produced by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) covering the United States. Measure. Search by USGS quarter quad name or ID. Topographic Mapping and the USGS. Jun 1, 2024 · Aggie Map. To use the map locator to find map products use the search bar or drop a pin by double clicking on the map view. Geological Survey continues to advance the topographic map with on-demand custom mapping. Call 877-587-9004 with any questions. Visualization and sharing of free topographic maps. Information: Topo Maps Map images hosted by ESRI This map presents land cover and detailed topographic maps for the United States. These maps are modeled on the familiar 7. Aug 18, 2022 · In recent times those quadrangle maps have been supplanted by seven-and-a-half-minute quadrangle maps that are about the same size at the old 1:24,000 maps but at a slightly different, but more rational scale of 1:25,000. law. Experience the unique storage options of Vertx® Tactigami with the MAP organizational system. If you have a printed map, look for the contour interval listed on the bottom. 5-Minute Quad Topo Map captures an area of approximately 7. Historical Topographic Map Collection (1884-2006): The USGS policy about putting a full UTM grid on 7. The Quad on Delaware The Quad on Delaware is an apartment building in Minneapolis, Hennepin, Minnesota located on Southeast Delaware Street. On a topographical map, sometimes called a topo map, contour lines are often used to join points of equal elevation above sea level and color gradations may depict elevation ranges between the contour lines. 1×2-degree quadrangle maps cover 1 degree of latitude by 2 Davenport. The Quad is now the home of the globally-recognized International House, bringing cross-cultural activities and programs to campus community. About this map. Use the Store’s Map Locator, the “Find a Map” search function on the Store homepage, or the Keyword Search box at the top right of the Documents. TI maps are based on the USGS quads but are updated and have much more accurate and complete outdoor The National Map embodies 11 primary products and services and numerous applications and ancillary services. Shading. Geological Survey (USGS) Historical Topographic Map Collection (HTMC). In the making of topographic maps, the USGS subdivides the United States by using Latitude and Longitude lines to form the boundaries of four-sided figures called “quadrangles”. Identifying headers on signs around the area The topographic maps on TopoZone were created by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and have evolved for more than […] Read full post . Census Bureau’s Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (TIGER) road data. 679 De la Sablière street, Bois-des-Filion QC, J6Z 4T2 CANADA ; 514-252-3050 ; info@fqcq. It will dynamically query based on the current view of Google Earth Welcome to the message center, notifications will appear here! Close Dec 28, 2021 · topoBuilder - Custom Topographic Maps On Demand. Often referred to as quadrangle maps, or quads, the most commonly used USGS topo maps have a scale of 1:24,000 and cover 7. This map features detailed USGS topographic maps for the United States at multiple scales. Interstate 80 crosses the Mississippi River here. Miami, Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. 0 - No Monkey Knowledge or No double cashNew Tower:The Mortar has been engineered and is making a Maps are digitally delivered free of charge. One intended purpose is to support emergency response at all levels of government. In apps and on the Internet, the quads get scanned into digital files Feb 24, 2023 · These maps are referred to as the USGS quadrangle maps, with each map covering a 7. Jan 26, 2024 · Topographic map features including many different lines, symbols, and other details represent specific things within the environment being mapped out. The symbols on topographic maps represent different features of the landscape, such as rivers, roads, and bridges. aspx: Building Category The USGS 7. umich. Apr 7, 2016 · Historical Topographic Map Collection (HTMC) USGS topographic maps originally published on paper in the period 1884-2006 have been scanned and published as PDF documents. Optionally, add section township range labels, and overlay counties and cities as well! Alabama Topographic Maps. 1 x 2 Degree Topographic Maps. 1 The engineering quadrangle, stretching from Engineering Hall to the Grainger Engineering Library, was dedicated as Bardeen Quad at 10AM on October 14, 2004 in honor of John Bardeen, the only person to win the Nobel Prize twice in the same field, physics. The museum shows off some of the University of Iowa’s fine collection of painting and sculpture, the only self-portrait by American Gothic artist Jun 27, 2012 · There are three major factors that aid in the visualization of terrain from a 2d map: Contour Lines. 5 and 15-minute topographic (topo) maps within the USGS Store. (9 ratings, 8 comments, 337,789,368 views) More Details Find the best Quad trails in Ontario (Canada). 30’x60′ quadrangle maps cover 30 minutes of latitude by 60 minutes of longitude, or about 1,760 square miles in Utah, and are the standard series for intermediate-scale geologic mapping. Explore all 7. Location. Feb 23, 2022 · The U. 5167° or 41° 31' north. In 1859, a U. Other topographic symbols like elevation changes, waterways, towns and cities, and more are represented by markers usually found on the map legend. The shorthand " quad " is also used, especially with the name of the map; for example, "the Ranger Creek, Texas quad". Minimum elevation: -95 ft. Learn more. Layers of geospatial data include orthoimagery, roads, grids, geographic names, elevation contours, hydrography, and other selected map features. With the use of USGS quad maps we Wilderness Maps are topographic maps that provide content specific to wilderness areas managed by the Forest Service. This network offers trails that are available during all four seasons of the year. Most topographic maps have an index line for every 5th line. National Geospatial Program, National Digital Trails Feb 22, 2022 · What is a quadrangle map or “quad” map? Quadrangle maps or quads are a type of topographic map produced by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) that divides the United States into areas or quadrangles bounded by lines of latitude and longitude. Search by state, county, township, range, and section. Features are shown as points, lines, or areas, depending on their size and extent. 1-800-747-7800. 7. Quad Cities. FSTopo is an automated map product using inter-agency authoritative data and is updated annually. The official Texas A&M campus map developed by the Office of Mapping and Space Information, and the Department of Geography. This map depicts geographic features on the surface of the earth. Range in Miles. Wyoming Topographic Maps. Topozone offers detailed online topographic maps of Alabama, with online topos detailing everything from the highest point in the state, atop Cheaha Mountain, to the magnificent Noccalula Falls. Geological Survey topographic maps that we received in 1998. Terminal Map Intuitive and convenient layout. These maps are professionally printed with tear and water-resistant paper and are available for purchase. Now, with a touch of a button, a person can get a topographic map of whatever location Here’s how: 1) Install Google Earth if you haven’t already. With USGS quad maps we make it easy to view a topo map of mostly flat US Topo Product Standard. These trails allow tourists to have access to a trail that allows a stay of at least two consecutive days without having to move their quad with another Click on the red marker to see the quad name and download the multi-page PDF file. Geological Survey (USGS) has made topographic maps based on predetermined criteria, such as quadrangles and annual schedules. Other important additions to the new US Topo maps for Kentucky are the integration of wetlands layer s Map Locator. In this series, one inch on the map represents 100,000 inches, or 1. Topo Map Orientation (True North vs Magnetic North) All of the topographic maps on TopoZone are displayed and printed with true north up. A longstanding goal of the USGS has been to provide complete, large-scale topographic map coverage of the United States. Aug 19, 2021 · The Historical Topographic Map Collection (HTMC) is a set of scanned images of USGS topographic quadrangle maps originally published as paper documents from 1884 to 2006. The National Map also serves as the data source for modern USGS topographic maps such as US Topos and OnDemand Topos. The name was taken exactly from the published quad, which means some quads have “Mount” abbreviated and some do not A USGS topographic map is usually named for the most prominent feature within the bounds of the map, frequently a community. The footprints layer must be turned on to click it. Proximity Radius Circles. Delete All. Introduction: Interpreting the colored lines, areas, and other symbols is the first step in using topographic maps. topoBuilder is a public web application released by the National Geospatial Program that enables users to request customized USGS-style topographic maps, known as an OnDemand Topo, that utilize the best available data from The National Map. You can search by location, theme, name, and other means to locate the area of interest. TopoQuest Map Finder lets you search for USGS topographic map quads and view or download them for free. 5-minute (1:24,000-scale) topographic maps has changed over time. 00000) Average elevation: 1,014 ft. Map created with: x. These latter, newer, maps use The most current map of each area is available from The National Map. TopoView shows the many and varied older maps of each area, and so is especially useful for historical purposes—for example, the names of some natural and cultural features have changed over time, and the historical names can be found on many of these topographic maps. Opened in 2015, the Quad is packed with modern amenities that support learning from the moment a student moves in. It will open automatically in Google Earth. , 563/326-7804, Tues. View Quad Maps: The below Quad Maps are for areas exclusively under the jurisdiction of the New Jersey Pinelands Commission: For printed Quad Maps and/or updated Quad Maps please contact OPA GIS at (609) 292-3160. Get additional help. 4) Find and double-click the file. Presents a seamless topographic map of the US at 1:24,000. FSTopo is the Forest Service large scale (1:24,000 and 1:25,000 in Alaska) Primary Base Map Series; the 7. Maritime cooperation among them began after the Indian Ocean The University of Alabama interactive campus map, with driving directions and building information. In 1979, the ticks were replaced with a full-line black UTM grid. All available to you for free, these printable topographic maps make it simple to view the topography of Mobile in extreme Jul 14, 2023 · National Map. US Topo maps and scans of historic USGS topographic maps are also Mar 26, 2021 · Peninsular Coast Quad Trail. Feb 1, 2024 · This app gives you access to the following *OFFLINE* features, anywhere, anytime, even in areas without cell coverage: See your location on the map through your phone’s GPS signal. Miami. The online USGS Store is the only site for ordering paper topographic maps. TopoZone allows easy access to the state of Montana’s mountainous topography, with printable online topos of the entire state. The Figge Art Museum (225 W. trails or streams), or areas (lakes or Download free USGS topographic map quadrangles in georeferenced PDF (GeoPDF) format by clicking on "Map Locator" on the USGS Store Web site. FSTopo is available in PDF and TIFF format. Colors. -Sun. If you know how to read a topo map, the map itself can tell you a lot. In addition, there is a series of maps with a scale of 1:250,000, called quarter-million maps. Fill Color. This is called the “Peninsular Coast Quad Trail”. Each map is a treasure trove of information, presenting intricate details of the terrain, such as elevation changes, contour lines, rivers, roads, and landmarks. Most topographic maps are named for the most centrally located, well-known, and/or largest community labeled on the map. Here are a few tips to help you out: Contour lines are the brown lines on a topo map and can tell you a lot about the terrain. Offical Building Name: The Law Quad: Address: 625 S. For the past 135 years, the U. View our vast collection of historical USGS topos and national park maps. Different sizes of quadrangles have been used over time, for example the Jun 3, 2024 · topographic map. Whether you want a topo of Oahu showing the landmark of Jul 4, 2024 · View and search the Public Land Survey System (PLSS), also known as Congressional townships or survey townships, all the way down to the section, quarter section and quarter quarter section level, all overlaid on a fully interactive Google Map. A color-coded wayfinding system has been initiated in the Quad Cities to help you find your way to area attractions. topo maps since the 1880s. A map with that scale covers a larger area overall—but it has Nov 3, 2022 · In addition, The National Map provides continuously-updated, seamless datasets for recreational trails, roads, boundaries, structures, land cover, and imagery. 2) Download the Google Earth topo map layer from the ArcGIS Services Directory (it’s the NGS Topo US 2D (MapServer) file). Together, these documents form a fairly complete description of Jun 18, 2020 · 7. U. , 1:250,000 or 1:62,500). 400K+ miles of parks and tracks with detailed descriptions, satellite and topo maps, offline navigation. Topographic map symbols. Nov 23, 2018 · Bloons Tower Defense 6 How to beat QUAD on HARD - Version 6. 5 & 15 Minute Topographic Maps (USGS Store) June 18, 2020. Maximum elevation: 16,407 ft. The National Map Downloader is the primary search and download application for USGS topographic maps and base-layer GIS data. g. Each map covers all or part of one wilderness area, and the scale is generally 1 inch per mile (1:63,360). Minute: This column simply indicates whether the quad is an older, superseded 15 minute (1:62,500) map or the 7 1/2 (1:24,000) map. Each type of feature has its own unique symbol which helps distinguish it from other types of terrain. , $10), overlooking the Mississippi, is housed in a beautiful glass gem designed by noted British architect Sir David Chipperfield. Essentially, topographic maps represent the three-dimensional landscape of Earth within the two-dimensional space of a map. Forest Service Visitor Maps. Supports building, parking, and point of interest search in addition to way-finding. State St. The U. The online application is called topoBuilder and the output maps are known as OnDemand Topos. Two of particular value include the topographic map collection symbols guide, and the USGS Topographic maps home. Geological Survey (USGS). Interactive map for the entire country with over a hundred layers of information. 76084 -180. qc. Recent Downloads. The paper index maps are free but there is a $5 handling fee per total order. Apps & Maps. Digital raster graphic (DRG) sheets May 27, 2021 · The Quad, officially the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, is a group of four countries: the United States, Australia, India, and Japan. The app shows your location, trail status, services, and friends on the map, and works online or offline. State Maps. Layered GeoPDF 7. Forest service also makes topo maps for its lands. For the latest USGS topographic map products, please see the USGS TopoView Site. The Rocky Mountains, west of the Great Plains, extend north to south across the country, peaking at over 14,000 feet Texas Topographic Maps. This web application overlay's the applicable 7. This network like no other in the world is maintained by a fleet of more than 215 groomers operated by 3,000 The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue(QSD), commonly known as the Quad,[3][4]is a strategic security dialogue between Australia, India, Japan, and the United Statesthat is maintained by talks between member countries. The ability to fuse these major factors is the most critical skill one can learn when using a topographic map. You can access offline and online features, such as GPS, trail conditions, services, itineraries, and location sharing. 1) and provides direct access to 132,101 geospatial PDF topo maps, including scans of the last historical paper map in all available grid sizes. The map includes the National Park Service (NPS) Natural Earth physical map at 1. The project was launched in late 2009, and the term “US Topo” refers specifically to quadrangle topographic maps published in 2009 and later. Name: United States topographic map, elevation, terrain. They come in smaller map scales (e. QuadName: The list is generally alphabetically by the name of the quad as printed on the map. Bettendorf. All Quads are official as adopted by the State Planning Commission on March 1, 2001 and up to date as of 07/07/21. Here's a flat topographic map laid over a Google Map 3D model. State Topographic Map Indexes. A DRG is a scanned image of a USGS topographic map. 5 minutes of latitude and longitude, covering about 49 square miles. Historical Maps. The National Map supports data download, digital and print versions of topographic maps, geospatial data services, and online viewing. FSTopo products cover the Forest Service lands. The files have not been updated since that time, and many of the maps are more than 30 years old. 5 Minute Quadrangle Map. Explore and visualize the geospatial data of the USGS with The National Map - Advanced Viewer, a web application that offers various tools and features. 5 minutes of longitude by 7. 3) When prompted, save the file to your computer. kml file in Google Earth. This video provides an introduction to understanding topographic maps. View on Open­Street­Map. a peak or campsite), lines (e. This system uses four colors to represent four quadrants in the Quad Cities – Davenport, Bettendorf in Iowa, and Rock Island, Moline / East Moline in Illinois. 5-minute section of latitude and longitude on the globe. Credit: ThingLink The QC is a bi-state, Iowa and Illinois region with the world-renowned Mississippi River as our front porch. Feb 5, 2022 · A map with contour lines on it is called a topographic map. The primary purpose of a topographic map is to accurately represent the shape of the Earth’s surface, but the Go to the USGS Store and select Maps > State Topographic Map Indexes. Location: United States ( -14. Objectives: Obtaining Montana Topographic Maps. This document defines the digital map product of the U. Army topographic expedition led by Captain John Macomb located the confluence of the Green River with the Grand River in what is now Canyonlands National Park in Utah. Order Delorme Gazetteers, Falcon Guidebooks. Louis metropolitan area. All quadrangle balloons contain name, primary state, nominal grid size, scale The map's scale tells you how detailed your map is. National Atlas Maps. The dialogue was initiated in 2007 by Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, with the support of Australian Prime Minister John Quickly order USGS Topographic Maps, MGRS maps, 1:50000/1:25,000, Aerial Maps, Game Management Unit Maps for hunting, and maps for popular hiking trails. MAP Quad. The USGS has been the definitive source for U. Free 7-Day Trial. This Kentucky-specific quadrangle index grid was developed for the KyTopo Map Series. quad cities zip codes. If the community for which the map should be named falls on two or more maps, a directional term 679 De la Sablière street, Bois-des-Filion QC, J6Z 4T2 CANADA ; 514-252-3050 ; info@fqcq. USGS Topographic Quadrangle Images (1998) These are images of U. We’re centrally located and it’s easy to get here. Beginning in the mid-1950s, the grid was indicated by blue ticks around the map at 1,000-meter spacing. If you have any questions or issues please click here to email usgsstore@usgs. TopoZone offers free and detailed topography of the state of Texas, with a series of topos ranging from rugged Texas Hill Country in the central part of the state to high plains in West Texas and coastal areas along the Gulf of Mexico in the southeast. One of the main improvements is the inclusion of the U. Topographical maps are often used to determine areas and routes where the terrain is fairly level or where Apr 29, 2023 · Learn how to use the QuadOn app to navigate the Ontario Federation of All-Terrain Vehicles (OFATV) trails with your smartphone. These maps have two distinctive features: 7. Type: region. MAP stands for MOLLE Adapter Panel System, which is our patent pending accessory platform developed specifically to attach to loop for completely customized carry of gear. The Historical Topographic Map Collection contains USGS topographic maps published from 1886 to 2006. In popular outdoor areas, you'll also see yellow polygons with green outlines, which are the footprints of National Geographic's Trails Illustrated maps. The HTMC is a digital archive of about 190,000 printed topographic quadrangle maps published by the USGS from the inception of the topographic mapping program in 1884 until the last paper topographic map using lithographic printing technology was published in 2006. The Macomb party designated the confluence as the source of the Colorado River. The Quad on Delaware is situated nearby to the hospital University of Minnesota Health Cinics and Surgery Center and the health club Anytime Fitness. Web Map by esri. 24km per pixel for the world at small scales, i-cubed eTOPO 1:250,000-scale maps for the contiguous United States at medium scales, and National Geographic TOPO! 1:100,000 and 1:24,000 USGS Quad Map Overlay for Google Earth United States Geological Survey (USGS) created topographic maps of the United States (1879 to 1992). Record your own trail from the Wikiloc app, upload it and share it with the community. Discontinued June 1, 2024. World topographic map. Customers can use geospatial data and maps to enhance their recreational experience, make life-saving Dec 19, 2015 · How to read a USGS Topo. The landscaping and concrete terrace on the north side of Engineering Hall were funded by Topo maps are an attempt to show real variations in elevation on a flat map. QuadON is an app that helps you navigate and plan your ATV trips on the trails in Ontario. National Parks. Bookmarks. USA Topo Maps. The principal component of QUADS is a Google Earth network link that plots approximate USGS quadrangle boundaries (Fig. ca US Topo topographic maps are produced by the National Geospatial Program of the U. Download Now. View Web Tool. Explore the state of Hawaii with a series of USGS quad maps, showing the vast topography of the islands with online, printable maps. Our terminal layout was designed to create an intuitive travel experience. Digital indexes for use in GIS: Download indexes in Shapefile and Geodatabase formats through The National Map Download Client. Click an image footprint (USGS Quad) on the map to see downloads. Find ATV, UTV and Side-by-Side trails with onX Offroad. The National Map is a collaborative effort among the USGS and other Federal, State, and local partners to improve and deliver topographic information for the Nation. The newest USGS topo map web app gives the public the opportunity to create custom topographic maps on demand. edu/aboutus/Pages/quad. 5-minute topographic quadrangle maps. If you are using a […] Read full post . Discover the most beautiful places, download GPS tracks and follow the top routes on a map. The USGS refers to these images as There is no single document that describes all symbols used on all USGS topographic maps, but to help you read these maps, the USGS provides a variety of symbol guides. 5 & 15 Minute Topographic Maps. Nov 3, 2022 · The National Map is managed by the USGS’ National Geospatial Program in coordination with federal, state, and local partners and may be accessed through data download, web map services, and an online viewer. Description: region of five cities in the US states of Iowa and Illinois: Davenport and Bettendorf in SE Iowa, and Rock Island, Moline, and East Moline in NW Illinois. A 1:24000 scale, for example, means one inch on the map equals 24,000 inches of real-world terrain. The result is a series of more than 54,000 maps that cover in detail the entire area of the 48 contiguous States and Hawaii. It is with pride that QuadNB launches its first paper map of its new tourist approach with thematic trails. Symbols can be points (e. The most current map of each area is available from The National Map. S. 5-minute length and breadth at a 1:24,000 scale. dr iy yc tv qc ck pg mc kc iq