Smart money flow index chart. com May 21, 2024 · Chaikin Money Flow vs.

The indicator is based on intra‐day price patterns. Koch (WallStreetCourier) and it is based on the Don Hays’ ‘Smart Money Index’. The MFI is calculated using the formula: MFI = 100 - (100 / (1 + MR)), where a high MFI Description. When the security price rises, the Money Flow is calculated by adding the product of the security price and the volume to the previous value of Money Flow. While the SMI was invented and popularized by money manager Don Hays, the SMFI is based on Hays' SMI but uses a slightly different and proprietary formula to measure the investment behavior of Attention: If you would to use this indicator on the ES, you should have intraday data 60min in your account. In 2003, Bloomberg published the SMFI indicator on their terminals. Smart Money Flow Indicator: To calculate the Smart Money Flow Indicator over a specific period (e. Divide the sum of the positive money flow by the sum of the negative money flow. It uses both price and volume data to identify overbought and oversold regions. 2023. It is used to indicate the direction of money flow by estimating the values of recent transactions and the net direction of the transactions. Jun 8, 2023 · Use the money flow index (MFI) to measure the trading volume and price change of an asset. Therefore, the formula for calculating the typical price of the stock would be: High of the Bar + Low of the Bar + Closing Price of the Bar ÷ 3. Confirmation of asset trend. Jul 6, 2022 · The Smart Money Index was constructed by Don Hays and measures the market action in the first half hour of trading and the last hour of trading. Here, one thing is important you Dec 6, 2017 · Smart money index (SMI) or smart money flow index is an indicator demonstrating investors sentiment. 3 (MT4 & MT5) April 29, 2024 Trading system. The smart money (red chart) is leaving, while the sheeple (blue chart) are buying. When the smart money is less than 30% confident in a rally, the S&P has still annualized a 7% Apr 18, 2024 · Forums › ProRealTime English forum › ProBuilder support › Conversion of Indicator Smart Money Interest Index from TradingView This topic has 2 replies, 2 voices, and was last updated 2 months ago by P. Mark the money flow as negative or positive, depending on its position relative to the previous typical price. A MFI value above 80 indicates a possible overbought situation and a value below 20 indicates a possible oversold condition. Although there is little empirical evidence to support the notion that This is an inchart Money Flow indicator that puts triangles on the chart when Money Flow Index breaks out of the specified levels. Value of CMF is calculated based on last trading session typically 20 or 21, because of this it reflect most recent change in stock movement. May 24, 2024 · Money Flow Index = 100 – 100/(1 + Money Flow Ratio) The Money Flow Index (MFI) can be interpreted almost similarly to RSI. Calculate Typical Price for each period: (High + Low + Close) / 3. Modified version of Ricado Santos' money flow oscilator. Calculations. 03%. Average Volume. The term "dumb money" is pejorative and we 3 wk up move - 3 week mfi rsi wr% have changed direction from negative to positive territory; Daily mfi xa 20 ; weekly william xa -80 - Any of weekly close xa sma05; weekly close xa sma20 ; weekly william xa -80 Calculate the money flow ratio by dividing the sum of positive money flows by the sum of negative money flows over a specified period. A stock is considered "overbought" if the MFI indicator reaches 80 and above (a Jul 31, 2023 · Tracking smart money from the charts . Practice This Strategy. ATR Indicator. 5 Signal Filtered on the closing basis of SMA High 20 for strength 2) Simple Moving Average - period 50 In which Purple indicates Uptrend Orange Indicates down trend 3) Bill William's Fractal - This indicator indicates important candle for formation of swing of High or low with Triangle shape at the The Money Flow Index (MFI) is a momentum indicator illustrating the strength of money flowing into and out of a security measured on a 0-100 scale. If the typical price on a given day is higher than it was the day before, it DIY. The data is delayed by 15 minutes and around 10% of the total flow is shown. Key features of the script: Moving Averages (SMA): Two moving averages are calculated: a short-term (50 To calculate the Money Flow Index, follow these four steps: 1. The Money Flow indicator illustrates the inflows and outflows of cash regarding a particular stock. Step 1: The average of the high, low and close price is known as the typical price. The main idea is that the majority of traders (emotional, news-driven) overreact COMP. zip. Configuration Options Period: Number of bars to use in the calculations. Developed by Avrum Soudack and Gene Quong, the Money Flow Index (MFI) is an indicator that measures buying and selling momentum of a financial asset using both volume and price action. CRISIS. Bitcoin futures large investors' long positions - their short positions = Bitcoin futures The smart money index is used by traders in two ways: 1. Decide on the time frame over which to calculate the index. The formula is typically expressed as SMFI = Sum of positive MFVs / Sum of negative MFVs. Calculate Positive Money Flow: Add Money Flow for each period (in the time frame) that The money flow index works by oscillating on a scale from zero to 100. Generally, “smart money” dominates exchange flows, according to Zerocap. 45 KB Type: . If the MFI reading is above 80, the market would be considered overbought, while a reading of 20 or below is a signal for oversold conditions. A stock is considered "overbought" if the MFI indicator reaches 80 and above (a They get the moniker "smart money" because these investors tend to have their largest long exposure near market bottoms, and their least exposure near peaks. Nov 22, 2020 · The basic SMI formula is: Today’s SMI reading = yesterday’s SMI – opening gain or loss + last hour change. When the MFI rises above 80, the market is in an overbought condition. Most major online brokerage firms provide interactive stock price charts that include OBV as a technical indicator overlay. See full list on liberatedstocktrader. 1. Determine the Money May 17, 2022 · Money Flow Index - MFI: The money flow index (MFI) is a momentum indicator that measures the inflow and outflow of money into a security over a specific period of time. The smart money index chart has helped professional investors to correctly predict the Black Monday 1987, the great financial crisis of 2017, and the Formula. AI Filter Refine your focus with our AI Filter, which identifies high-potential trading Dec 27, 2023 · Data sourced with Tiingo API In my last post about 'Capitalizing on Smart Money Moves’ we discussed detecting large transaction made by institutional investors. 2022. A value of 80 or more generally indicates overbought prices. The main idea is that the majority of traders Nov 23, 2020 · Smart Money Index (SMI) It came to my attention that one very common implementation of SMI was incorrect; rather than subtracting the first hour delta and adding the last hour delta it subtracts the whole day delta and adds the last 30m delta. You can access most of our unusual options activity platform above for free. Compute the typical price for a period. 51. 8k. Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) is normally represented as a small chart below price chart as: The Beta version of Chart FX 8 is provided on an “as-is” basis and exclusively at the risk of the user. The Money Flow Index indicator (MFI) is a tool used in technical analysis for measuring buying and selling pressure. I'm pretty sure this is why the stock markets are crashing. A good indication of institutional involvement is a sudden surge in the trading volume of an asset. We denote the Raw Money Flow, Positive May 18, 2022 · 18. The MFI calculation follows four steps as below: Determine the Typical Price (TP) of the relevant period; TP = (HIGH + LOW + CLOSE)/3. Oct 9, 2023 · 4. Here is a good example. CBOE Put/Call Ratio: Find the Put/Call ratio on the Chicago Board Options Exchange ( www. The Money Flow Index (MFI) is an important yet low-profile tool for technical analysis, used for the generation of overbought and oversold trading signals. now featuring 3 oscilators. May 14, 2024 · Smart Money Flow Index Chart Wer sich selbst nicht mit Berechnungen herumschlagen möchte, sollte sich mit dem Smart Money Flow Index Chart beschäftigen. Apr 25, 2022 · Money flow is calculated by averaging the high, low, and closing prices , and multiplying by the daily volume. It can also be used to spot divergences which warn of a trend change in price. It then is long the last hour of trading, where institutional, or the “smart” money Dec 6, 2017 · Smart money index (SMI) or smart money flow index is an indicator demonstrating investors sentiment. (CRISIS) BTC money flow oscilator V0. Sep 5, 2023 · The Money Flow Index indicator is a momentum indicator that measures the rate of flow of money in and out of an instrument over a specific period. During the last hour, the DJIA has lost 80 points, today’s SMI Dec 26, 2023 · What does the smart money index tell us: nasdaq version Money smart dumb vs index chart side sentimentrader courtesy Smart money index embed reddit google twitter. A gauge of so-called smart-money interest in stocks was at its lowest level in a year, even as Dec 14, 2023 · Let’s run with the smart money: stay calm and 8% on – contrarian outlookChart money dumb smart market investors paradigm now sentimentrader courtesy marketoracle The problem with the smart money flow indexHmlistý utláčateľ ľahko smart money index had mäkký prebytok. Enlarge. P (T yp) t = Ht+Lt+Ct 3 P t ( T y p) = H t + L t + C t 3. Hedge fund managers May 6, 2021 · Practical Example. Put in the symbol for your stock and choose the OHLC chart format, which stands for open, high, low and close. Both indicators are based on intra-day price patterns. com May 21, 2024 · Chaikin Money Flow vs. Jan 27, 2022 · The cash flow index indicator is not to be confused with the smart money flow index by Bloomberg or WSJ money flow. Apr 3, 2023 · You can use the money flow index to identify the start of the accumulation or distribution phase if you know how to use smart money concepts. The Smart money index (SMI) and the Smart Money Flow Index (SMFI) are both technical analysis indicators demonstrating investors' sentiment. You can calculate the typical price of any time frame by calculating the average of the high, low and the closing price. The money flow index indicator is not to be confused with the smart money flow index by Bloomberg or WSJ money flow. A rise in usual price shows positive money flow, indicating purchasing pressure, while a fall in the price implies negative money flow, indicating selling Apr 1, 2024 · 5) Money Flow Index (MFI) The money flow index is a volume indicator that oscillates between 0 and 100. This gives the money flow. We state this symbolically as follows. When the MFI rises, this indicates an During the 2008 financial crisis, the Smart Money Flow Index (SMFI) struggled to provide clear and easily recognizable chart signals based on divergences between the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the SMFI. The main idea is that the majority of traders The Smart Money Index is a technical indicator used to conduct technical analysis. 454. Moving Averages (MA) The Moving Average smooths price data to create a powerful measure of trend direction. This indicator was founded by money manager Don Hays to allow traders to follow the smart money. As with other oscillators (ROC, RSI), the MFI indicator is positioned between two major values (from 0 to 100), utilizing 90 and 10 levels to determine conditions of overbuying Apr 11, 2023 · Smart money is cash invested or wagered by those considered to be experienced, well-informed, "in-the-know" or all three. During times of market volatility and increasing levels of uncertainty, one option for finding suitable investment candidates could be follow the smart money. Updated on: 09. This is done through analyzing both price and volume. During the first 30 minutes of today’s trading, the Dow Jones Industrial Index has gained a total of 100 points. Smart Money Concept Indicator V. Apr 24, 2024 · 🌟📈 Introducing the Smart Money Liquidity Heatmap by AlgoAlpha! 🗺️🚀 Dive into the depths of market liquidity with our innovative Pine Script™ indicator designed to illuminate the trading actions of smart money! This meticulously crafted tool provides an enhanced visualization of liquidity flow, highlighting the dynamics between smart and retail investors directly on your chart Sep 26, 2022 · We denote the Typical Price at Index t t as P (T yp) t P t ( T y p), and we take this to be the average of the High H H, Low L L, and Close C C Prices at Index t t. The thinking behind the smart money flow index is that most inexperienced traders trade in the morning as they react to overnight news. Option order flow on its own can be dangerously misleading, as many big options trades are simultaneously hedged by common shares in the underlying instrument. There can be and probably will be bugs in the new features and potentially the stability of the entire application may be affected and could negatively affect your computer system. com) or on charting software. The figure presented at the end of the MFI calculation will be plotted on this scale to provide overbought and oversold signals. Technical & Fundamental stock screener, scan stocks based on rsi, pe, macd, breakouts, divergence, growth, book vlaue, market cap, dividend yield etc. Chart of the day The smart money flow index Smart money index: how new traders can save their money Oct 10, 2014 · Let's look at the NASDAQ Smart Money Index. The smart money index chart has actually helped professional financiers to properly anticipate the Black Monday 1987, the excellent monetary crisis of Jul 16, 2011 · Step # 1: You Need to Calculate the Typical Price of the Stock. Learn how to calculate the MFI and popular strategies in this article. If bitcoin is leaving Dec 18, 2021 · Smart money index (SMI) or smart money flow index is a technical analysis indicator demonstrating investors sentiment. While both the Chaikin money flow (CMF) oscillator and the money flow index (MFI) are commonly used momentum indicators on stock charts, the Aug 29, 2023 · Calculate the money flow ratio by dividing the sum of positive money flows by the sum of negative money flows over a specified period. Categories: MT4, Signal, Oscillator, Informational. Mar 25, 2024 · The Money Flow Index indicator download free is one of the important indicators that are used to measure how fast your firm is burning cash and how much cash is coming in from customers. For example, if there has been an upward trend of an asset, the smart money index may warn when Step Three. During the final hour, the Dow Jones has lost 80 points. Gold Futures. Between these two common uses of the smart money index, traders more often use it to spot divergences. 05. 10. By upgrading to a paid account, you will gain access to real-time data and all of our premium features: Saved filters: Any filter combination can be saved to your account so that you can May 23, 2019 · Find an online interactive charting service that displays on-balance volume. Smart money index (SMI) or smart money flow index is a technical analysis indicator demonstrating investors' sentiment. AI Definitions. The indicator is based on intra-day price patterns. Compute the typical price for each period by summing the high, low, and close prices and dividing the result by three. Other similar indicators include the Accumulation Distribution Line (ADL) and the Smart Money Flow. The Smart Money Concept Indicator is a versatile MT4 All-in-One tool that offers real-time insights into market dynamics and market trend for making profit in forex market, like Order Blocks, Discount Zones, Equal Highs/Lows, and many more Smart Money thing in this The Money Flow Index (MFI) is a momentum indicator illustrating the strength of money flowing into and out of a security measured on a 0-100 scale. MFI provides key insights into the amount of money that flows into an asset over a certain period of time, which allows traders to assess market trends in a way The Money Flow Index (MFI) is another commonly used indicator by traders to analyze transaction price and trade volume to determine overbought and oversold levels (excess purchases and selling). This smart money flow indicator shows the direction where the smart money goes as opposed to dumb money. Dieser wurde 1990 von Don Hayes eingeführt und soll vor allem Daytradern dabei helfen, möglichst erfolgreich zu handeln. 🌟 Smart Money Interest Index by AlgoAlpha 🌟 Welcome to the innovative Smart Money Interest Index indicator, designed meticulously by AlgoAlpha to revolutionize the way you trade! 📈🧠 This indicator is engineered to decipher the activities of smart money investors relative to the less informed (dumb money) and dynamically Description of the script "Smart Money Analysis with Golden/Death Cross": This TradingView script is designed for market analysis based on the concept of "Smart Money" and includes the detection of Golden Cross and Death Cross signals. 5M+. If you wish to start tracking early, using trading charts in the process, indicators like the Chaikin Money Flow (CMF), Volume Rate of Change (VROC), and On-Balance-Volume (OBV) come in handy. Smart money index (SMI) or smart money flow index is a technical analysis indicator demonstrating investors sentiment. It exists in different variations, but is based on the same concept: They get the moniker "smart money" because these investors tend to have their largest long exposure near market bottoms, and their least exposure near peaks. The Smart Money Index, or Smart Money Flow Index, was popularized by Don Hayes in the 1990s and seeks to understand what the “smart money” is doing relative to the “dumb money”. Nov 23, 2020 · NicTheMajestic Plus Updated Nov 23, 2020. com charts feature dozens of indicators that can be applied with a single button, including the money flow index. Based on intraday price patterns, this indicator is frequently used by traders to check for chart divergences or to validate market trends. We display equity, option, dark pool, and Smart Money positioning data within a single consolidated real-time interface, giving you complete market insight. Finally, calculate the money flow index using the formula: 100 - (100 / (1 + money flow ratio)) City Index charts feature dozens of indicators that can be applied with a single button, including the money flow Positive value signals Money flowing in or accumulation while negative value means money moving out of the stock. 00 ( 2) 1. Comparing that result with the number for the previous day tells you whether money . Download Size: 19. Money Flow Tracker provides a clear visualization of liquidity transitions between assets, enabling you to see how funds are moving from one cryptocurrency to another. Jan 14, 2022 · This Indicator is made by combination of indicators as follows 1) Super Trend - Period 15,2. The Money Flow and every associated components (overflow, thresholds) can be disabled by toggling off The Money Flow Index (MFI), developed by Gene Quong and Avrum Soudack, uses both price and volume to measure buying and selling pressure. 1. Marlowe . The index was invented and popularized by money manager Don Hays. The MFI uses a stock's Apr 13, 2019 · The Money Flow Index (MFI) is a technical oscillator that uses price and volume for identifying overbought or oversold conditions in an asset. Almost everyone has heard of “Smart Money”, “Dumb Money” and the so called “Crowd”, and that is exactly what our indicators are all about. When Smart Money Confidence is above 70%, the S&P 500 advances at an annualized rate of 35. This has nothing to do with trader intelligence. Feb 5, 2024 · Through volume indicators and heat maps, platforms like ATAS allow traders to visualize where and how the smart money is engaging with the market, offering the chance to potentially align their trades with those of the financial elite. Finally, calculate the money flow index using the formula: 100 - (100 / (1 + money flow ratio)) FOREX. 2. If kept to the default settings, N is 14. This insight helps you understand market dynamics and identify potential opportunities. The main idea is that the majority of traders (emotional, news‐driven) overreact at the beginning of the trading day Formula for the Money Flow Index (MFI) Money Flow Index (MFI) can be calculated using the following steps: 1. When the security price falls, the same value is subtracted instead. An oversold condition is indicated by a value of 20 or less. Tháng 6 10, 2014. Calculate Money Flow for each period: Typical Price * Volume. It helps to confirm and spot divergences. cboe. g. Money Flow Index indicator for MT4 shows forex trading signals based on oversold, overbought and convergence, divergence. Bitcoin futures large investors' - their = Bitcoin futures smart money index. The Smart money index (SMI) and the Smart Money Flow Index (SMFI) are both technical The Smart Money Index is a technical indicator that attempts to gauge what the “smart money” is doing relative to the “dumb money”. Money Flow. The smart money index is highly associated with the US stock exchange index. Typical Price. Color Selectors: Colors The smart money index also referred to as “the SMI,” is a crucial technical indicator used in the stock market. The Smart Money Index (SMI) is a composite sentiment indicator that is based upon intra-day price patterns in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Feb 10, 2024 · Here is a brief overview of how to calculate the money flow index: Calculate the Typical price and multiply it by the trading volume. It is a commonly used indicator. Trading signals are generated by this indicator when the stock signals bullish or bearish divergence, crossovers and when the stock is in the overbought or oversold zone as shown in the daily chart of Bharat Heavy 1. Because divergences assist traders to predict major turning points in the market. Email of the day on the Bloomberg Smart Money Flow Index. Top performing money managers, savvy investors and institutional asset managers are relying on them. The main idea is that the majority of traders (emotional, news‐driven) overreact at the beginning of the trading day Oct 27, 2019 · The basic formula for SMI is: Today's SMI reading = yesterday's SMI – opening gain or loss + last hour change For example, the SMI closed yesterday at 10000. Rate this Indicator from 1 to 5. The smart money index is highly correlated with the US stock market index. Calculate the money flow by multiplying the typical price by the volume for that period. When the smart money is less than 30% confident in a rally, the S&P has still annualized a 7% 4013. Unlike conventional oscillators such as the Relative Strength Index (RSI), the Money The smart money flow index is a technical analysis tool that helps inexperienced traders to trade like smart money. Volume Spike. Bitcoin ' large investors include asset managers and other rtables. Simple, weighted and exponential moving averages are most popular. -1. May 7, 2021 · For example, many traders rely on tools like the Smart Money Index (SMI) to direct their choices. The indicator is based on intraday price patterns. Money Flow Index: An Overview . Aug 28, 2019 · The Bottom Line. The following step involves the ratio between the positive and negative money flow. Let V t V t denote the Volume at Index t t. In this post we are going to discuss the Smart Money Index (SMI) - which can be used as a gauge of market sentiment of the Smart Money traders. 252. 0%. If the typical price is lower, it implies a negative money flow. Here’s an overview of the SMI, how it works and whether it’s the right tool for you. This calculation is as follows: Money Flow Ratio = (N-Day Positive Money Flow) / (N-Day Negative Money Flow) “N” is equal to the number of periods the indicator is set to. During the first 30 minutes of today's trading, The SMFI was developed in 1997 by R. This indicator tracks the volume of put and call options that trade To get money flow index manually, follow these steps: Calculate the typical price by averaging together the high, low, and closing price: Multiply the typical price by volume to get the money flow: Compute the positive money flow and the negative money flow separately. Money Flow and liquidity are core concepts with the Oscillator Matrix™. The MFI's calculation generates a value that is then plotted as a line that moves within a range of 0-100, making it an oscillator. The ‘Smart Money Flow Index’ focuses on Dow Jones industrial and calculates two key trading periods: Opening (shortly after the Dow The Smart Money Flow Index (SMFI) has long been one of the best kept secrets of Wall Street. The indicator shorts the first half hour of trading as it is supposed to represent the trading by retail traders. Assume that the YSMI was 2,000 and the asset lost 20 points in the first hour and gained 10 points, the smart money index value will be 2000 – (20) + (+10) = $1,990. Typical Price = (Low + High + Close) / 3. The Money Flow Index is calculated as a ratio between the total Money Flow over periods having the Typical Price raised, and the total Money Flow over all periods. Money Flow Index (MFI) Calculation & Settings. Money Flow Index The Money Flow Index is a volume-weighted version of the Relative Strength Index, used to warn of trend weakness and likely reversal points. The smart money index does not indicate when to trade in the specific assets; rather, it indicates what an investor can expect from the assets in the short term. , 14 days), sum up the positive and negative MFVs for that period. For example, the SMI closed yesterday at 10000. Recommended Brokers for Money Flow Index Indicator (MFI). During the first 30 minutes of today's trading, the Dow Jones has gained a total of 100 points. Jun 11, 2024 · Technical Indicators and Chart Studies: Definitions and Descriptions What is the Smart Money Flow Index (SMFI)?This is why the SMFI is called the Smart Money Flow Index which is also featured on Bloomberg Professional. Fresh all-time highs appear to be making the “smart money” anxious on Wall Street. The oscillator moves between 0 and 100. This should be based on the cycle that you are trading. Smart Money Confidence is a model that aggregates indicators reflecting sentiment among investors that tend to use the stock market to hedge underlying positions. Nov 20, 2020. This Index was described nearly twenty years ago by Lynn Elgert in the February 22, 1988 issue of Barron’s. Step 2: Then multiply the typical price by the trading volume. add the money flows where the typical price is greater than the previous day’s typical price. Aug 19, 2021 · Glassnode data shows the so-called smart money flows out of exchanges continue to reign supreme. The MFI value ranges from 0 to 100. One example is if the SMI closed yesterday at 10,000. In fact, this indicator was developed in 2006 by Drexel Feb 15, 2024 · It represents the dollar value of the day’s trading activity. Jul 30, 2018 · Attention: If you would to use this indicator on the ES, you should have intraday data 60min in your account. The primary difference is the usage of `hlc3` ((high + low + close) / 3) rather than `close` to use the "typical price" that it critical to the calculation of the Money Flow Index (MFI). If the typical price for today is higher than yesterday, it implies a positive money flow. It helps calculate how fast (high) or slow (low) the sales Make Money Forex are for your company. The indicator is based on intra‐day price patterns. Dumb Money Confidence - CHART. It is referred to and regarded as the “smart money flow index” by many day traders. The MFI uses overbought, oversold, divergence, and trend trading conditions to provide trading signals. COT Net Position. 4. Asset. Oscillators smartmoney. Bitcoin futures' large investors include asset managers and other reportables. The SMI is closely related to the proprietary Smart Money Flow Index (SMFI), which was How to Calculate the Money Flow Index. Or, they're just contrarian investors who prefer to sell into a rising market and buy into a declining one. Jul 27, 2022 · The Money Flow Index is an oscillator that produces trading signals such as overbought and oversold readings and divergences using both volume and price data. While this indicator might have had some use, it is not what I understand to be the actual Smart Money The Discrete Fourier Transform Money Flow Index indicator integrates the Money Flow Index (MFI) with Discrete Fourier Transform (credit to author wbburgin - May 26 2023 ) smoothing to offer a refined and smoothed depiction of the MFI's underlying trend. Various elements centered around this concept are provided to detect longer term trends, assess market participants behaviours, and detect reversals. Typical Price = (High + Low + Close) / 3. What is this? The Money Flow Line (MFL) indicator is at its core a more even-tempered version of the Price-Volume-Trend (PVT). 10M+. This is the Positive Money Flow. Jan 10, 2013 · 3. zs rk vv li ty ub hc vi uq qi  Banner